Nicolas v



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NICOLAS V. m: LIPSKI, 01 NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ELAINE HALE PHILLIPS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

COLORED ARTICLE.

No drawing. Application filed December To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NICOLAS V. on LIPSKI, a citizen of Russia, and a resident of the United States of America, have invented an Improvement in Colored Articles, of which the following is a specification.

My invention aims to produce a colored article bearing surface decorations in a plurality of colors which may be subjected to illuminations of a plurality of colors, resulting in a different colored decoration for each of the illuminations to which the article is ex osed.

y invention is applicable to a wide variety of uses, such as the production of scenic effects by painting upon canvas scenery, or using materials of various colors for costumes, hangings and the like, or by producing variations in the coloration of individuals through the effect of the varying illuminations upon the make-up. It will be understood that the fundamental principle of my invention may thus be applied whenever it is desired to produce a different colored image and the proper conditions exist. In practice, I have found that as many as four different decorative schemes may be superimposed upon an article and each made to appear to the exclusion of the others by suitable illumination. It is diiiicult, if not impossible, to lay down exact rules for the practice of my invention, but from the following discussion, the method of applying it will be readily understood to those skilled in the art.

It is well-known to students of color that color may be varied in three ways; that is, variations may be introduced as to hue, as to value, and as to chroma. Generally speaking, these variations are those that are popularly and loosely known as the variations of color, shade and intensity. It will be readily understood that a color may differ from another as to hue, as green differs from yellow or blue, that one green of the same hue may differ from another green of the same hue by being what is' popularly known as lighter or darker (a difference in value), or that one green of the same hue and value may differ from another green by being more or less gray, and thus appearing less intense to the eye, this being a difference in chroma.

It will also be understood that in the prac- 10, 1920. Serial No. 429,830. tice of my invention the colors of the surface decoration applied to the article are caused to mix and blend with the color of the illumination, producing a different hue; as for instance, by the mingling of the primary colors yellow and blue to make green; or that the illumination may be such as to neutralize the color appearing on the article entirely; as for instance, if a red pigment upon an article is caused to mix with a red illumination of the same hue, value and chroma. Such a mixture will produce, as is known, not an absolute white, but a very pale gray. It will also be understood that variations in chroma may be produced by selecting an illumination and a color of slightly different chroma. Thus, While red illuminated by a red light of the same hue, value and chroma would produce a light gray, reds of slightly different chroma will produce a neutral shade of a different chroma. Therefore, under a given illumination a color of the same hue, value and chroma as the illumination will substantially disappear and the chroma of the resultant neutral tint may be varied by varying the chroma or the amount of the pigment of the hue or the illumination used.

In applying my invention, it is necessary to take into consideration three factors; the absolute color produced by a given illumination, which involves the neutralization or change of undersired colors of other designs to accord with the design intended to be" visible under the given illumination, the chroma of the desired and undesired colors to produce the proper effects of light and shade, and the drawing. As to this latter factor, it will be evident that where the drawings of two designs overlap, a change in hue, value and chroma of the color is necessarily involved and that in some instances it may be impossible, under these limitations, to permit the overlapping portions of the designs to be apparent under both illuminations.

It will also be apparent that under certain conditions the desired color appearing under one illumination will be such that it can not be entirely neutralized or changed to a desired hue under another illumination and that under such circumstances, it is necessary to accommodate the drawing to disguise the color indication under the second illumination, or to use such color indication in a useful manner in the decorative scheme appearing under the second illumination.

In practicing my invention, I find it useful to tabulate the resultant colors obtained under given illuminations from various pigments, but owing to the wide variation in commercial pigments and dyes, it is impossible for me to give a complete tabulation in the permissible scope of a patent specification. Persons skilled in the art, however, will experience little difiiculty if the foregoing general considerations are borne in mind in making a tabulation of the particular colors and dlyes with which they are working.

It will be evident that my invention is not confined to any particular subject, pigment,

dye, or other vehicle of color, nor to any specific use, since as pointed out above, it is applicable to a very wide variety of uses.

What I claim is:

1. An article bearing surface decorations of a plurality of superimposed designs or pictures in colors and shades combined and overlapped, the coloration and shading of each of the designs or pictures being such that when combined with a given colored illumination said design or picture and cooperating parts of the other design or picture appears to the eye and undersired col ors and shades constituting parts of other designs or pictures are neutralized or modified to accord with the design or picture appearing.

of a plurality of superimposed designs or pictures in colors and shades of color which are combined in proximity and overlap, the

coloration of each of the designs or pictures being such that when combined With a given colored illumination that design or picture and cooperating parts of the other. design or picture appears to the eye, said illumination resulting in the modification of undesired colors as to value, chroma and due to colors of desired value, chroma and hue in the design appearing.

3. An article bearing surface decorations of a plurality of superimposed designs or pictures comprising a variety of colors and shades of colors, the coloration of the designs or pictures being such a combination of colors and hues and superimposed colors and hues of more or less intensity that when combined with a given colored illumination,

one design or picture appears to the eye in different colors and shades of color, said illumination modifying the intensity, value, chroma and hue of undesired colors with respect to the intensity, value, chroma and hue in the design appearing to the eye under the effect of the colored illumination, whereby each design or picture is of a distinctive coloration corresponding to the subject of the design or picture.

In testimony whereof I have signed my.

name to this specification this 30th day of November, 1920.

NICOLAS 'LIPSKI. 

